Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Dalbergia Latifolia and Cyperus Rotundus in Vitro

Abstract

Cancer is the most dangerous disease and remains one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Uncontrolled growths of abnormal cells are known as cancer. Treatment of cancer using traditional methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc has tremendous side effects. Hence using medicinal plants such as Dalbergia latifolia and Cyperus rotundus is an effective alternative to cancer treatment. These plants contain polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids which show cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells as well as antioxidant properties. The leaves of Dalbergia latifolia may give antiproliferative activity through metabolic regression and Cyperus rotundus cause apoptosis of cancer cells. We aim to determine the efficacy of both plant extract on the A549 lung cancer cell line using MTT assay. Leaves of Dalbergia latifolia and nodules of Cyperus rotundus crushed in powder form after drying process to prepare extract using cold percolation and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) techniques. Determination of total flavonoid compound was performed by a spectroscopic method. Identification of specific flavonoids in both plant extracts was done using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique. We performed MTT assay to check the efficacy of both plant extracts on the A549 cell line. Total flavonoid concentration in D. latifolia and C. rotundus plant extract was increasing in cold percolation as well as MAE technique. We found some flavonoids to be present in both the plant extract after performing TLC. Both the plant extract showed its cytotoxicity effect on the A549 cell line in MTT assay. As D. latifolia and C. rotundus extract are found to exert cell toxicity effect on A549 cell line, we infer that this plant extract can be used as a complementary therapy to treat cancer patients after conducting more research on the exact cell toxicity mechanisms of both the plant extract.