Design, Simulation and Analysis of Solar Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Abstract

Due to the shortage of fossil fuels and advancements in battery technology, the development of Electric Vehicle (EV) is seen as a viable and ecologically responsible solution to attain low carbon emissions. In recent years, the nation has been running out of fossil fuels in the near future, as well as an issue with rising gasoline prices per litre. The majority of electric vehicles are charged using grid power, which is produced from fossil fuels in the majority of cases. With its ability to generate electricity anywhere, Photovoltaic (PV) energy is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy; therefore, the integration of a PV array into an electric vehicle charging infrastructure is a feasible way to significantly reduce carbon emissions while also reducing reliance on the electric power grid. The proposed charging station is equipped with a solar energy system to charge three distinct types of EV batteries. Modified Incremental Conduction (InC) algorithm is implemented to extract maximum power from the panel using a boost converter to charge two, three, and four-wheeler batteries with the help of a dc-dc converter. The charging station will draw power from the grid in the event of insufficient solar PV power generation. If the generation of power from solar is more , then it can be sent back to the grid, which increases the grid’s stability during high load demand. In this paper, power balancing between the solar panel, grid, and Battery chargers has been achieved during the different charging conditions like all the three vehicles are getting charged from the station, when none of the vehicles is charging and either any one or two vehicles is taking power from it. To charge the batteries safely state of charge (SOC) of the battery is monitored from the respective Battery Management system (BMS), a Charging technique of constant current constant voltage has been implemented. As reported, due to the insertion of many power electronics converters, the grid current is distorted and offers a low power factor. In the proposed work overall control technique is developed to maintain an almost unity power factor, near 0.99, and the total harmonic distortion of grid current is under the limit given by IEEE Standard 519-2014.