From Insoluble to Bioavailable: A Review on Solubility Enhancement Techniques

Abstract

One of the most fundamental and significant characteristics to take into account in pharmaceutics is a medicine's solubility since it affects how a drug is formulated. Due to their complicated structural limitations that restrict their efficiency and bioavailability, many contemporary medications suffer from poor solubility, which can result in ineffective or inferior therapeutic effects. Drug solubility influences their physical, chemical, and environmental stability in the body, including when gastrin, blood, mucus, etc. are present. It has an impact on absorption and dissolution rates as well, both of which are critical for pharmacological response. This article reviews many strategies for solving solubility issues, including size reduction, complexation, co-crystallization, etc., and rates these approaches according to their benefits and drawbacks. Understanding these methods makes formulation creation simpler and more effective, which benefits patient therapy. Therefore, despite their potential for pharmacokinetic and therapeutic activity, drugs' poor aqueous solubility is a major barrier to their commercial success as a formulation.