Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste in Concrete as Coarse Aggregate

Abstract

All industrialized or developing nations rely on aggregate resources to build and maintain its infrastructure. There are many uses of aggregates of two types, Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate in construction and infrastructure sector. The coarse aggregates are used to make concrete, in asphalt pavements, in railway track as ballast and also used in water filtration and sewage treatment process. from all these uses, the substantial portion of aggregates is used in production of concrete. Construction industry becomes fast growing field due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion. Hence, Concrete is the second most widely used substance on earth after water. It is the most preferred material amongst all the building material due to its strength, durability and versatility during construction. Natural coarse aggregates are obtained from raw stone boulders which are obtained through conventional mining and crushing of stones and it will rapidly decline if the construction mining sector remains unorganized. Mining of aggregate has many environmental impacts. Nowdays, the consumption of ceramic materials is increasing in the form of tiles, sanitary fittings, electrical insulators, cladding of building etc. But a huge quantity of ceramic waste is generated during processing, transporting and fixing will lead to major impact on environment. According to ICCTAS (Indian Council of Ceramic tiles and Sanitaryware), globally, India ranks among the top 3 countries for ceramic tile production. Morbi city of Gujarat manufactures almost 90 percent of the ceramic products in India. In Morbi, there are more than 900 manufacturing company and about 2% of total production is generated as waste. Therefore, using these wastes in concrete production could be an effective measure in maintaining the environment and good step towards sustainable concrete. Two types of ceramic waste generated in ceramic tile factory of Morbi are used in experimental investigation. From which, one has 0.58% water absorption, CTWA-0 and other has 17.7% water absorption, CTWA-18. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of Ceramic Tile Waste are determine to know its suitability as coarse Aggregate and compared it with properties of Natural Coarse Aggregate. The optimize conventional concrete mix design of M30 grade is developed. The CTWA-0 is use as natural coarse aggregate in different replacement ratio 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in conventional concrete mix design and compressive strength is compared. The compressive strength of concrete mixes with all replacement ratios are higher than the compressive strength of conventional concrete. The compressive strength of concrete with 100% CTWA-0 is 3.7% higher than that of the conventional concrete. The study of Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) for Conventional Concrete and Concrete with 100% CTWA-0 is carried out. The concrete with CTWA-0 has homogenous structure. It may be the that it has higher compressive strength than the conventional concrete. The flexu- ral strength of conventional concrete is 25.92% higher than that of the concrete mix with 100% CTWA-0. The split tensile strength is not much affected due to the incorporation of CTWA-0. The conventional concrete and concrete with 100% replacement of naturalcoarse aggregate with CTWA-0 both has lower cholirde iron permeability. The water penetration depth of concrete mix with 100% CTWA-0 is 2.33mm higher than that of the conventional concrete. The spalling effect are observed in conventional concrete and concrete with 100% CTWA-0 due to rapid cooling. The CTWA-18 is replaced with natural coarse aggregate in replacement ratio of 20%, 50% and 100% in conventional concrete mix design and compressive strength is compared with conventional concrete in case of water curing and ambient curing. In case of ambient curing, The compressive strength of concrete mixes with CTWA-18 is higher than that of the water curing case for 20 and 50 percent replacement ratio. For 100% replacement ratio, the compressive strength is almost similar for both water curing and ambient curing case.