Evaluation of Methylglyoxal on Neurological Function in Experimental Animals

Abstract

Background and objective Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and it is characterized by Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound and when administered through (2mg/kg) i.c.v, it produces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, (amyloid-beta) accumulation and tau phosphorylation. MGO (methylglyoxal) is a dicarbonyl compound which plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD by oxidative stress, impaired glucose, and tau phosphorylation when induced (3µmol/l) i.c.v in a rat model. Comparative evaluation of STZ, Mg provides valuable insights into the distinct pathological mechanisms for AD. To evaluate the effect of Methylglyoxal and investigate the neurological effect of Methylglyoxal (MGO) & STZ along with MGO as well as to find out possible mechanisms of action due to which it causes Cognitive Impairment. Material and Method The Wistar female rats were divided into 5 groups each consisting of (no. Of animals=6). Nc-Normal control, S.C-Sham control (Icv saline), Stz-Streptozotocin (Icv-2mg/kg), MG Methylglyoxal (3µmol/l), STZ+MG-Streptozotocin+Methylglyoxal (5 µl) neurobehavioral parameters were performed Biochemical estimations like MDA, glutathione was done. Histopathological examination was conducted using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H.E) staining. Results Morris Water Maze-In this parameter, a significant decline in latency to a platform was observed when administered with STZ, Methylglyoxal, and STZ + Methylglyoxal as compared to normal Control. Novel object Recognition Discrimination index between the novel and familiar objects was decreased when STZ, MG and STZ+Mg induced in rats were compared with Normal control Y-MAZE- The exploratory behaviour and Total arm entry in Y-maze test were observed in STZ, MG and STZ+Mg which subsides when compared with normal control. Total Protein Estimation The investigation showed that rise in amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau in STZ, MG+STZ, and MG where those are found to be conventional in Normal and Sham Control Oxidative Parameters MDA levels are found to be significantly elevated in groups consisting of STZ, STZ+MG, MG when compared it with the normal group here it was found to be normal and there is no significant decrease in MG. Conclusion Collective data of Neurobehavioral Parameter, biochemical estimations, and histopathological analysis illustrates that there is a significant deterioration of cognitive function. Significant changes observed in Histopathological evaluation and immunohistopathological evaluation demonstrate elevated Gfap markers administered with STZ, MG, and STZ+MG, whereas the normal control and sham control demonstrated basal levels. This provides the primary data for further research and development. The comparative study provides valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying pathological mechanisms