Pharmacological Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Ethonalic Extract of Roots and Rhizomes of Nardostachys Jatamasi Experimental Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Background and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is multiphased critical neurological condition prompted by mechanical force on head, that advance as disruption to normal brain physiology. Leading to temporary or permanent cognitive, behaviour and physical affliction. TBI pathophysiology is cascade of secondary event after primary injury to head. That includes, damage to blood brain barrier, neuronal inflammation, axonal degradation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Nardostachys Jatamansi (NJ) have been found as potent antioxidant, anti inflammatory agent, promising as neuroprotective effect in neurological condition. The study provides the results of ethanolic extract of Nardostachys Jatamansi for TBI induced in rats by Marmarou’s weight drop method. Experimental Method: In study, Female Wistar rats weighing around 250-400 gm were used. The animals were grouped in 5 groups with 6 animals in each. Groups assigned were Normal control, TBI induced i.e Disease control group, and 3 treatment groups with different doses, namely TBI + NJ 100 mg/kg, TBI + NJ 200 mg/kg and TBI + NJ 400 mg/kg. NJ was given orally once a day for 7 days as pre-treatment before TBI induction. TBI was induced by Marmarou’s weight-drop method. The physical parameters were evaluated after 24hr of TBI induction that counts actophotometer, rearing test, beam walk test, rotarod, novel arm discrimination test (NADT) and wire hang test. Lately biochemical parameters were performed after animal sacrifice namely, estimation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, nitrite oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by using half brain of animal. The other half was used to check %water content in brain. Extraction method: Raw roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys Jatamansi was purchased, cleaned and grained to form coarse powder. Soxhlet method was applied using 90% ethanol for 6-8 hour, in 2 cycle at 60 ℃ temperature. The obtained extract was introduced to vacuum rotary evaporator at low pressure and menstruum was evaporated to obtained remaining residue. The extract was suspended in 0.5% CMC as vehicle. The dose was freshly prepared before oral administration. Extract was stored in cool dark place before use. Result: The study found the effect of ethanolic extract of Nardostachy Jatamansi is promising as neuroprotective therapeutically in TBI. As NJ ameliorates locomotors and motor co ordination deficits in treatment group as compared to disease exposed animals. NJ was also able to withstand behaviour and cognitive parameters, evaluated by using actophotometer, rearing and NADT. NJ also significantly improved neuroprotection against lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide by reduced levels and evidently raised reduced glutathione level. The histopathology shows decrease in vasogenic edema and lesion in treated group in contrast of disease manifested group. Conclusion: The results signifies the Nardostastachy Jatamansi is a potential therapeutic agent for neuroprotection in condition like traumatic brain injury. NJ by acting on secondary cascade of TBI pathogenesis reduces reactive oxidants levels, reduces neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, edema and allocating as neuro-preserver.