A Review on Potential Benefits of Marine Organism for Cosmetic Products

Abstract

This review explores the potential of marine algae as a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological effects. Algae contain a variety of natural substances such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, which have applications in various industries. Algae, which are photosynthetic organisms containing chlorophyll, are divided into two main groupsmicroalgae and macroalgae. Microalgae, also called blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, are unicellular and prokaryotic. On the other hand, macroalgae, known as seaweeds, are multicellular and eukaryotic. Microalgae encompass Cyanophyta (Blue-Green Algae), Pyrophyta (Dinoflagellates), Chrysophyta (Diatoms and golden-brown algae), and Chlorophyta (Green algae). They are abundant in nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, and vitamins A, B, C, E, folic acid, biotin, beta-carotene, pantothenic acid, and vitamin B12. These nutrients can provide various skin benefits when used in skincare products. Seaweed fractions also have technical functionalities like thickening, gelling, and emulsifying, making them valuable in skincare formulations. Algal species can endure extreme environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, salinity, and UV exposure, producing primary and secondary metabolites for defense. In the cosmetic industry, algal biomass extracts are utilized for various skin-related issues, acting as moisturizers, texture enhancers, sunscreens, and anti-aging agents. The skin, acting as a protective barrier against various external factors, undergoes physiological changes in response to different stimuli, making it an important focus for advancements in the cosmetic industry. Natural ingredients are now preferred over synthetic compounds due to their benefits and minimal side effects. Recently, algae, known for its nutrient-rich composition, has gained attention for its potential in providing benefits in skin care, offering activities such as skin whitening, moisturizing, photoprotection, wrinkle reduction, anti-aging, and antimicrobial effects in cosmetics. Studies highlight the positive impact of algae-derived compounds on skin health, suggesting a promising future for algae-based cosmeceuticals in the cosmetic industry.