Development of Catalyst for Automotive Exhaust Emission Control

Abstract

The uses of automobiles increase exponentially day to day. With fast increasingvehicle population, enormous amount of obnoxious emission like CO, HC, NOx andparticulate matter are being emitted. These pollutants have hazardous eect onenvironment and human health. Thus, the use of catalysts for purifying exhaustgases is absolutely necessary and indispensable in every vehicle Automotive three waycatalysts (TWCs) is use to reduce emission from internal combustion engine since last25 years. Eorts are being carried out for the replacement of supported noble metalsin catalytic converter because of the drawbacks of noble metals in practical applicationincluding high cost, volatilization and sintering at high temperature. Perovskite havebeen considered as promising alternatives to precious metals acting as eective TWCsdue to their low cost, high thermal stability and diverse physicochemical properties,promote noble metal dispersion, increase thermal stability of the alumina support,promote the water gas shift and the steam reforming reactions, store and releaseoxygen under conditions uctuating between oxidizing and reducing.The project is to illustrate the technology for abatement of exhaust emissions byanalysis the current understanding of TWCs, the specic role of the various components,the achievements and the limitations. It also discusses Perovskite, occurrence,various synthesis methods, their characterization, usage of perovskite in automobiles,advantages over conventional catalyst.