Effect of Hypoglycemia on Anxiety and MAG Gene Expression in brain stem of Streptozotocin induced Diabetic rats

Abstract

Glucose is the obligatory energy substrate for brain. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are found to be associated with central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction. Hypoglycemia, including iatrogenic hypoglycemia in people with diabetes, causes brain fuel deprivation that initially triggers a series of physiological and behavioral defenses but if unchecked results in functional brain failure. Unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or the embryonic CNS, axons from the adult CNS are unable to regenerate spontaneously after lesion. Axonal regeneration failure in the CNS is not due to intrinsic properties of central neurons but the presence of neurite outgrowth inhibitors in the CNS. A large part of this inhibition is because of the presence of inhibitory molecules in association with myelin. Myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) is protein in myelin to be responsible for inhibition of axon growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of insulin induced hypoglycemia and Streptozotocin induced diabetes on Catalase and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG). A single intrafemoral dose of Streptozotocin was administered to induce diabetes. Hypoglycemia was induced by appropriate doses of insulin subcutaneously in control and diabetic rats. MAG gene expression was not obtained due to some experimental condition. But we were able to successfully isolate total RNA and prepare the c- DNA of the isolated RNA. The kinetic parameter, enzyme activity of Catalase was studied spectrophotometrically at different enzyme volumes. Results showed enhanced Catalase activity in D and C+IIH group than C group while decrease in D+IIH as compared to D and C+IIH groups. There is excessive ROS formation which is evident from increased enzyme activity of Catalase which is suggested to be indicative of anxiety. Hole board test is a good indicator of anxiety in diabetic and hypoglycemic rats. Behavior study showed an increased level of anxiety in C+IIH and D group as compared to C group. D+IIH group showed decreased levels of anxiety as compared to C+IIH and D group but increased levels of anxiety as compared to C groups. Hence, our studies suggested that hypoglycemia induces high levels of anxiety in experimental group of rats.