Studies on Trans-Fat with Reference to Alternate Green Process for Production of Trans Free Vanaspati

Abstract

Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids Typically, common vegetable oils low in saturated fats and the double bonds within unsaturated acids are in the cis-con guration. To improve their oxidative stability and to increase their melting points, vegetable oils are hydrogenated. The chemical process and hydrogenation is intended to add hydrogen atoms in presence of sodium methoxide or nickel catalyst, cis-unsaturated fats, eliminating a double bond and making them more saturated. Full hydrogenation would produce exclusively saturated fatty acids containing trans fat that are too waxy and solid to use in food production. But these hydrogenated and chemical interesteri ed oils and other product are contains trans fat which occurs at high temperatures and creates three by-products like sodium soaps, fatty methyl esters and monoglycerides in addition to the interesteri ed fats this Trans Fat is very harmful for health and causes various disease like Cancer, Obesity, Dibities etc. To avoide this trans con guration in fats, green enzymatic interesteri cation process is very bene cial. In this process Enzyme reacts with oil molecules by changing the fatty acid positions and made only cis-con guration that we required. To determine the amount of trans fat, fatty acid methyl ester is prepared and using this FAME, trans fats in vanaspati and other hydrogenated food can be analyze by Gas Chromatography with BPX-70 cynopropyll column. Chemical interesteri - cation is also carried out for di erent oils. Using di erent oils individuals and Several blends of palm oil, cotton seed oil, coconut oil and soyabean oil are prepared with di erent ratio and enzymatic interesteri cation is carried out using biocatalyst immobilised Lipase, from Mucor miehei named Lipozyme TL IM (1,3 speci c ) under laboratory batch scale and analysis of Trans Fat and Fatty acid composition, change in melting poing of enzymatic interesteri ed fats are also carried out.