Influence of Gut Microbiota on Inflammation and Pathogenesis of Sugar Rich Diet Induced Diabetes

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance. Besides immune and inflammatory mechanisms, other pathways involve interaction between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. The present study was designed to understand gut microbiota alteration following High Sugar Diet (HSD) and its effect on physiology and gastrointestinal immunology. Male wistar rats were fed with high fructose and HSD for 60 days. Composition of fecal microbiota by DGGE and proinflammatory cytokines in serum was investigated. Expressions of genes such as TLR2, TLR4 and NF-kB in various tissues were also studied. The bacteria coliforms and clostridium level were higher and Lactobacillus was lower in both sugar rich diet fed rats. Highly diverse and densely populated bands were observed in HSD group by DGGE fingerprint. The band profiles of sugar fed group have clustered together. Elevated mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, and NF-kB were observed in HSD groups. Increased inflammation was confirmed by blood and tissue biochemical assay and enhanced serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in HSD diet groups. Gut microbiota strongly influenced the metabolic profiling of individuals fed with high calorie intake. The diverse microbial population and increased coliforms and clostridium may affect host gene expression. Targeting TLRs and microbiota could be promising therapeutic approach.