Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Awareness Guide for Women

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was originally identified as a reproductive disorder characterized by enlarged, sclerocystic ovaries, menstrual disturbances, obesity, infertility and hirsutism. PCOS is now recognized to be a metabolic syndrome which may include hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and possibly cardiac disease, as well as the more conventionally recognized increase in androgen levels, cosmetic problems, anovulation, infertility, endometrial cancer and obesity. The high prevalence of adverse metabolic features in women with PCOS translates into significantly increased risks for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other indicators of susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age has been reported to be about 6- 10%, although a prevalence of 12.5-50 % has been reported in women with diabetes. It is now very well known that there is an epidemic of diabetes in Indian population and onset of Type 2 diabetes occurs at early age in Indian population. The correction or insulin resistance in PCOS not only helps in restoration of menstrual cycle and ovulation in PCOS but also, reduces overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and possibly cardiovascular disease. These findings can emphasize the need to begin awareness for effective treatment of insulin resistance by preventing associated lifestyle factors along with insulin sensitizing agents.