To Investigate the Prevalence, Etiology and Early Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in School Going Girls and Also to Determine the Health Related Quality of Life

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a gynecological disorder that usually occurs in women’s having hormonal imbalances and is characterized by chronic anovulation, clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenesim. OBJECTIVES: Aim of present investigation is to determine prevalence, etiology, early diagnosis, risk factors associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome in school going girls in Ahmedabad district of Gujarat region. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among the school going girls in the city of Ahmedabad Gujarat region. A total of 881 adolescent’s girls of age 13-18 years and five schools were selected by cluster sampling from Ahmedabad. Approval was taken from IEC. PCOS was diagnosed if both menstrual dysfunction and clinical hyperandrogenesim was detected. We have also determined association of PCOD with obesity and overweight socioeconomic status (SES) and other risk factors using pre-tested and pre designed questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of Insulin, testosterone and LH. Quality of life was determined using SF12 questionnaire. RESULT: Out of 881 girls, 119 (13.54%) girls are having probability of PCOD, as defined by the Rotterdam criteria. Mean age of subjects was 15.73 ± 1.28 years and the mean age of first menarche was found to be 12.36 ± 2.75 in PCOD girls. The highest prevalence of PCOD was found at age group of 17 (30.25%). The prevalence of obesity in our study was 10.92% which was comparatively higher than non PCOD girls thus there is a significant correlation between obesity and PCOD (P ≤ 0.05). It was found that higher percentage of PCOD girls belong to upper socioeconomic class (45.37%) as compared to non PCOD (35.43 %). In our study we also found that PCOD has no correlation with blood pressure as compared to non PCOD girls. However, obese girls with PCOD are having higher blood pressure as compared to non PCOD girls. On comparing the family medical history of PCOD girls, we found that highest percentage of PCOD girls were having a family history of diabetes mellitus (37.81%). PCOD girls are having highest percentage of dysmenorrhea and oligomenorrhea and it was found that there is partial positive correlation between oligomenorrhea and PCOD. We also found that 25.21% of PCOD girls were over hirsute and significant correlation was found between hirsutism and PCOD girls (p≤ 0.05). The prevalence of acne was found to be significant in PCOD girls as compared to non PCOD girls (P ≤ 0.05). The mean of LH and testosterone was not found statistically significant in our study. In our study, higher percentage of girls are having poor health, having problems in doing moderate activities like moving table, pushing vaccum cleaner, bowling, or playing golf, climbing several flights of stairs, feeling downhearted and blue, calm and peaceful, does not have much energy as compared to non PCOD girls.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings revealed that obesity, insulin resistance, are the risk factors associated with PCOD and varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels. Hirsutism, acne, dysmenorrhea and oligomenorrhea were most common phenotype observed in PCOD.