Understanding the Gut – Microflora Alteration Following High Sugar Diet (HSD) and High Fat Diet (HFD)

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a major health disorder prevailing all around the globe. It is a multifactorial disease. Gut microflora is known to play a major role in the progression of type 2 diabetes. The main aim of this investigation was to alter gut microbiota by administrating different three diet induced Type 2 diabetic mice model and to study the effect of it on various biochemical, physiological parameters, gut microbiota and its signaling pathway. Three different type of diet was prepared and given on daily basis till they became diabetic (120days). The HSD diet contained 65% fructose: sucrose; HFD diet consisted of 40% dalda while HSD+HFD diet consisted of 35% dalda and 35% sucrose: fructose. The control diet consisted of 65% starch. Result of OGTT conformed animals were diabetic.The autopsy was performed of these animal. Blood and tissues (Liver, SI, LI and adipose tissue.) was collected. . Various biochemical parameters such as TG, cholesterol, glucose, FFA and LPS was increased in the HSD, HFS and HSD+HFD compare to the control but significant change was found in the HSD+HFD diet group. In histopathology slides, tissues of all 3 groups showed inflamed areas when compared to control. In liver, high amount of fat globules were found in the HSD+HFD diet group as compared to HSD and HFD diet groups. In adipose tissue, high amount of fat deposition was found in the HSD+HFD diet group as compared to HSD and HFD diet groups. The permeability of small and large intestine was altered most in the HSD+HFD group, as compared to HSD and HFD group. So histopathology results also show inflammation, fat globule formation, fat deposition and altered permeability in all three groups as compared to the control. We have done gene expression and which showed altered SCFA receptor, glucose and lipid metabolism.TLR study was carried out from all the organ and gene modulation in all four organ was observed. These results show alteration of gut micro biota. These study shows that HSD+HFD diet causes more damage by causing higher degree of inflammation, leading to T2D by causing insulin resistance and also alter gut microflora.