Analog and IO Layout Designs in Latest CMOS Technologies

Abstract

As Technology Node is decreasing by passing days, There are many advantages one can find for the same. The number of transistor placed on the same silicon wafer can be increases with the high amount. The design becomes more and more compact. The processing speed of the device is getting increased. The size of the chip can be reduced. These all advantage makes designer to do the scaling of the node as much as possible. But where ever the advantages are there must be some disadvantages present. With this decreasing technology node the difficulty level to design and manufacturing of the system gets very high. The actual chip which is going to be manufacture using the layout. The Layout design for this small node is quite difficult task. There are so many aspects which must be taken in to serious account discussed here. The Thesis Title consist of three main words one is IO, second is Layout and the other is Analog Layout which all are discussed here. IO is the circuit element which is placed at the periphery of the chip. There are two parts of a chip one is Core and other one is IO. The IO circuit works as protector for the core device because core element can not work on such high voltage (5V or 3.3V), it works on very minimum voltage.These IO elements are places and used to prevent core from the hard external world. The Layout construction of the IO is also quite difficult task as specially for the small nodes of the technologies. Diffier- ent aspects of layout designing, problems and solutions in the layout, Verification Process on the layout, all these topiks are discussed here. While Digital world is increasing and more powerful for Integrated Circuit (IC) Technology, why analog designs still are used everywhere? this might be the ques- tion. Why analog concepts are still needed in this huge digital world?However, all process have been moved to the digital side but analog designs have always proved their importance in this digital world. There are many domains in which analog designs and their concepts are wisely used. Some of them are discussed here.