PV Grid Integrated Battery Charging System for Electrical Vehicle

Abstract

Energy is ultimate need for mankind activity and for fruitful and social invention but due to high rise in population linked with global warming and faster observance of fossil fuels resources, human being is in desirous need of alternative technologies based on Renewable Energy. Solar PV based electricity generation is gaining importance due to its plentiful availability and modernisation in materials and energy transforming methods. Escalated problem like air, noise, water and land pollution has pilot automobile industry to design non conventional and efficient transportation. Electric Vehicle turns to be most suitable option to typical IC engine based vehicles. EV requires charging at some intervals of time. There- fore there is huge need of charging station and less stress on grid. This thesis presents system which is helpful to reduce stress on the grid. The proposed sys- tem consists PV module and Grid integration which can be used to charge EV's battery. In this thesis, control scheme and combination of PV power generation, battery charging and single phase inverter provides stabilization to the system. As outcome, influence on a power grid is reduced due to keeping pace with daily charging and proper daytime PV generation. The PV module is designed using basic parameters i.e. insolation, temperature, series resistance and shunt resistance of PV module. PV module simulated for different insolation as well as different temperature. Instead of using conventional boost converter, high gain converter is designed and analyzed. High gain converter provides output voltage in 300 - 400 V with input voltage of 30 - 40 V, conventional boost chopper can not provide this as with higher duty ratio it's efficiency tends to decrease. The DC link capacitor is used to stabilize the output of high gain converter which is used as an input to the single phase inverter. Single phase DC-AC converter is used with LC filter to integrate with single phase grid. For battery charging, the voltage should be step down to 12 V, 24 V, 36 V from 300 - 400 V. To serve this purpose, conventional buck converter is used. There is two buck converter used to serve the purpose for electric bicycle battery's charging. There is requirement of only one buck converter for battery charging of electric bike. One is with fix voltage conversion ratio and another one is variable conversion ratio of voltage depending on battery voltage demand for bicycle scenario. Battery charging can be done using CC-CV charging.