Design and Development of Release Mechanism using Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)

Abstract

During the launch of a space vehicle, Antenna and solar panels are initially folded to reduce its size. Once the spacecraft reaches its orbit, it needs to be deployed to perform its function. The release mechanism is particularly useful for securely stowing antennas and solar panels in a launch vehicle and then providing safe and reliable deployment of the antennas and solar panels once in space. Design constraints like it should be simple, compact in size, lightweight, low shock, reusable, and easy to reset have been considered while designing the Release Mechanism. Its design, calculation, static and modal analysis has done in Autodesk Inventor Professional 2018. It is actuated by using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) which works on the Shape Memory Effect (SME) i.e., When SMA wire is heated above its transformation temperature, it will transform from Martensite phase to Austenite phase. i.e. it will regain its parent shape. Release Mechanism is manufactured and tested. Results of a performance test, the release time, preload capacity are 1 sec at 3A current, 1500 N respectively. The repeatability test is done and results show that it can be used for more than 100 cycles. The mechanism has features like simple, compact, easy to reset, quick response, reusable, and lightweight. This release mechanism can be used for the deployment of solar arrays and antennas of small size satellites.