Activation and Profiling of the Helper - Cell Subsets in Melanoma

Abstract

Melanoma is a rare and the most serious/severe type of skin cancer among all the other skin cancers where it accounts for about 1% of skin cancer cases. The vast majority of deaths due to melanoma are associated with its tendency to metastasize/spread to other parts of body. 􀀧ue to increasing risk of melanoma it makes a fetal and deadly disease across the globe. Melanoma use plethora of mechanisms to suppress the immune cells and promote the metastasis. 􀀧uring progression of melanoma various type of immunosuppressive cells get accumulated that promotes the tumor expansion and stops the tumor clearance. M􀀧SCs is a potent immunosuppressive cells that are accumulated in TMEs and suppress the T-cells functions. We have performed this study to investigate the profiling of M􀀧SCs in melanoma and correlates with levels of T cells and its subsets. We have used C􀀘􀀚BL/􀀙 mice as a model organism to induce the melanoma by cancerous cell line B1􀀙F1􀀓. Appearance of ‘bleb’ confirms the onset of melanoma. Mice having solid tumor 􀀋n=8􀀌 and control mice 􀀋n=8􀀌 were sacrificed and splenocytes were isolated to measure the levels of M􀀧SCs 􀀋PMN-M􀀧SCs and M-M􀀧SCs􀀌 and T helper cells 􀀋Th1, Th2, Th1􀀚 and T reg cells􀀌. The percentage of PMN-M􀀧SCs was found to be significantly higher in mice having tumor as compared to controls. Further, we have noticed the disparity in the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells in mice having tumor than control. As compared to controls, mice having tumor have significantly higher percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells. The levels of Treg cells were also found to be elevated in the tumor bearing mice than control. Our study showed the accumulation of immune suppressive cells PMN-M􀀧SCs and T reg cells in melanoma. We have also reported the disparity in levels of T helper cells and its subsets in melanoma.