Recent Approaches to Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors

Abstract

The role of Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is involved in various cellular processes also in other kind of disorders, these are exhibited in wide range of cancer like ovary, gastric, breast, prostate and brain tumor. PI3Kinhibitors are subdivided into classes they are dual PI3Kinhibitors, pan -PI3K inhibitors and PI3K isoform specific inhibitors. The pathway regulates various cellular processes for example growth, cell death (apoptosis), cell cycle and proliferation. The signals are induced by mutation of the subunit (PI3K) alpha mostly present in breast cancer. This review discusses of the PI3Kinhibitors that have progressed from the clinical trials and the challenges. The inhibitors are designed to act upon the PI3Kenzymes to prevent the cell death. Additionally, the activities of various isoforms such as: selective PI3K inhibitors, Dual/MTOR inhibitors. The inhibitors are divided in four classes IA, IB, second and III. Lastly in this review it focusses on the function of the Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway in tumor development, current PI3K inhibitors development depended on the clinical trials, and the resistance caused to PI3K inhibitors.