Evaluation of Nanoformulation of Anti-Viral Drug In Alzheimer's Disease Induced Model of Rats

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Alzheimer’s Disease is a type of dementia, that currently affects 4 million people worldwide. Being a syndrome of the brain, it is associated with progressive loss of cognitive impairment with time which ultimately affects the day-to day activities of the person. Adding to this, it’s causes are multifactorial in nature, has genetic as well as environmental factors that together leads to dementia, inflamed brain and death of the neurons of the brain. Currently there is only symptomatic treatment available, aiming to reduce the symptoms only i.e. Cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonist and Memantine. There exist multiple causes that affect a variety of neurological disorders either directly or indirectly through multiple pathways, that must be researched and studied. The main objective of this study is to find new targets for Alzheimer’s disease that provides an entire treatment by treating the main cause that acts directly or indirectly and contribute to the disease progression. The anti-viral drug is currently used for the treatment for Herpes Simplex Virus. The presence of this virus has also been studied, in the brains of Alzheimer disease patient. The virus travels to the brain probably in middle age, where it remains in a latent state, with very limited transcription and probably very low or zero protein synthesis. During events such as immunosuppression, peripheral infection, and stress, the virus reactivates, causing localized damage and inflammation. Studies have shown that the viral DNA is located very specifically within AD plaques, and that the main component of plaques, beta amyloid (Aβ), accumulates in HSV1-infected cell cultures, and in the brains of HSV1-infected mice subsequently others confirmed and extended these results. Since this drug is available as oral tablet formulation, a nana-emulsion would provide a more targeted drug delivery to the brain. The intranasal route drug delivery forms as an ideal route since maximum bioavailability would be obtained through this route. The main objective of this study is to investigate the pharmacological affect, characterize the nano- emulsion prepared. Materials and methods: Formulation Development For the preparation of the formulation the aqueous phase was added slowly to the oily phase on a magnetic stirrer and by spontaneous technique an emulsion of white milky in nature was formed.