A Review on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Ratinopathy

Abstract

The Eye is an organ which is responsible for the receiving and processing the visual characteristics. Eye is made up of various parts like sclera, cornea, ciliary body, iris, choroid, retina, pupil, extra-ocular muscles and lens. Various functions are performed by these part. Shape of the eye is maintained by sclera and cornea maintains the amount of light which is entering in the eye. Shape of the lens is maintained by ciliary body. Choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the eye. Retina converts light into electric energy and transmit it to the brain. Damage to these organs causes various eye disorders. When blood vessels in the Retina are damaged it is called as Diabetic Retinopathy. There are two types of Diabetic Retinopathy: Non-proliferative and Proliferative. Non- proliferative is an initial stage of disease whereas proliferative is a more severe and advanced stage. Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy is done using various methods like indirect bio-microscopy of eye fundus, Retinography, Fluorescein retinal angiography, Optical coherence tomography and Optical coherence tomography angiography. Various lens and camera are used to evaluate the detailing of the layers of the Retina and any abnormalities in blood- vessels in the Retina. For the treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Anti-VEGF agents and Corticosteroids are widely used. These agents are administered by Intravitreal injections, Ocular inserts and Ocular Implants or other topical formulations. These formulations are widely used because of their high bioavailability, good patient compliance and sustain release activity.