Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Eugenol Against MPTP Induced Parkinson Disease

Abstract

Background :- Parkinson's disease is one of the major neurological diseases in the world. Many therapies are available to cure the disease but herbal drugs are more emphasized now days and will be potent therapeutic drugs in the future to cure the different stages of Parkinson's disease. Eugenol is reported as a neuroprotective agent against certain neurological disorder. However, till date Eugenol is not been explored against MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease. Objective: Objective of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative activity of Eugenol against the neurodegeneration caused by MPTP and underlying its mechanism. Method: MPTP 3mg/kg was administered for 5 consecutive days once a day via intraperitoneal route. Pre-Eugenol (100, 50 and 25 mg/kg) was administered by Oral Gavage once a day for 7 days and Post Eugenol with the same dose was administered by Oral Gavage once a day for 7 days. Various behavioural parameters (Rotarod, Catalepsy, Beam Balance, Actophotometer, Rearing) as well as biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation in brain tissues) was estimated. Results: The Swiss albino mice were treated with MPTP (3mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days developed motor dysfunction as similar to that of Parkinson's disease. Different behavioural parameters like Rota rod, beam balance test, actophotometer, catalepsy, rearing test were carried out and all revealed the impaired motor coordination and hypolocomotion . . Pre-treatment with eugenol reversed motor dysfunction caused by MPTP administration while post-treatment with eugenol aggravated the symptoms of akinesia due to MPTP administration as observed in all of the behavioural studies. Lipid peroxidation in the brain of mice treated with MPTP is also found to be decreased when pre-treated with Eugenol while augmented when post-treated with eugenol. Conclusion: Biochemical as well as neurobehavioral studies showed that Eugenol is having protective effect while not having curative effect in Parkinson’s disease.