CTLA4: A Novel Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung carcinoma has been one of the leading causes of deaths through cancer worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts about 85% of the lung cancer cases. Accounting over 2.09 million cases as of 2018 worldwide. Lung cancer alone has caused over 1.76 million deaths worldwide. Immune checkpoint therapy has opened new ways to treat this deadly disease leaving minimal side effects. It focusses on blocking antibody targets on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), doing this the body ensures to keep its immune system in full strength against fighting cancer. CTLA-4 binding to receptors like CD-80 & CD-86 on antigen presenting cell causes initial inactivation of T- cell leading to downregulation in immune responses of the body. Ipilimumab & Tremelimumab are anti- CTLA-4 receptor drugs currently under clinical trials and have been showing effective results so far to prove themselves as drug candidates. Combination therapy using CTLA-4 along with PD-1/PDL-1& chemotherapy has proved to be showing promising results too. The current review shows CTLA-4 as a novel target in immune checkpoint therapy to treat non-small cell lung cancer along with combination treatment in NSCLC its probable adverse effects and resistance