Coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) and Comorbidities: A Closer Look at Their Mechanism Affecting the Severity of Covid-19

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) or otherwise called covid-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The presence of the virus is dated back to December 2019 in the Hubei Province of Wuhan, China. The virus enters the body through the host cell via Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Patients who have encountered the virus may be asymptomatic or have mild, severe, or pneumonia-like symptoms. Those who have comorbidities like cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), liver diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), or any other comorbidities can develop severe symptoms and can eventually die if proper is not given. Some of the comorbidities have high ACE2 receptor expression and this allows high viral entry into host cells. These patients might have to take vigilant preventive measures. Management of patients with severe conditions becomes difficult as they require belligerent treatment to reduce the symptoms and eradicate covid 19. Herein, we have discussed pathogenicity and possible mechanisms of how it affects severity covid in detail