Building A Cheaper Catalyst for Automotive Exhaust Emission Control

Abstract

The uses of automobiles increase exponentially day to day. With fast increasing vehicle population, enormous amount of obnoxious emission like CO, HC, NOx and particulate matter are being emitted. These pollutants have hazardous effect on environment and human health. Thus, the use of catalysts for purifying exhaust gases is absolutely necessary and indispensable in every vehicle Automotive three way catalysts (TWCs) is use to reduce emission from internal combustion engine since last 25 years. Efforts are being carried out for the replacement of supported noble metals in catalytic converter because of the drawbacks of noble metals in practical application including high cost, volatilization and sintering at high temperature. Perovskite have been considered as promising alternatives to precious metals acting as effective TWCs due to their low cost, high thermal stability and diverse physicochemical properties, promote noble metal dispersion, increase thermal stability of the alumina support, promote the water gas shift and the steam reforming reactions, store and release oxygen under conditions uctuating between oxidizing and reducing. The project is to illustrate the technology for abatement of exhaust emissions by analysis the current understanding of TWCs, the specific role of the various components, the achievements and the limitations. It also discusses Perovskite catalyst, occurrence, various synthesis methods, their characterization, Catalytic activity, usage of perovskite in automobiles, advantages over conventional catalyst.